#We_ will_ address_ each_ type_ of_ illiteracy_ separately_ in_ this category_ given_ the_ importance_ of_ the_ subject
It is a person's ignorance regarding the environment in which they live, and their inability to interact with or preserve it.
Based on this simplified definition of environmental illiteracy,
let us consider the following: What is the environment that surrounds you, us, and everyone else on Earth—what scientists call "ecology"? What exactly is ecology, and what are its components? Before you get the wrong idea—thinking this article is a biology lesson from school or university—let me clarify: it is simply a straightforward explanation of ecology to set the stage for what follows. Think of it as a preamble or an introduction.
Before we begin;
Have you ever wondered why cockroaches haven't gone extinct yet? Dinosaurs and passenger pigeons vanished, yet these repulsive insects have survived for millions of years. What is the reason for this? What is their actual importance to life? And did you know—just as a fun fact—that in the West, they are actually manufacturing chocolate made with cockroaches? Yes, it has really happened. So, what is their true significance in life?
What are the basic concepts of ecology (the science of the environment), explained simply?
What is it that surrounds us? Air (above the Earth's crust), water (rivers, oceans, seas, salt marshes, and wetlands/swamps), and the layers of the Earth beneath the crust. We all agree on this... Now, let us understand the meaning of this through some accessible scientific insight.
1- Air (The Atmosphere)
You, I, and all of us have a vital need for air—simply to breathe? Not quite. The oxygen within that air must be pure and abundant. Furthermore, gases that trap heat—contributing to what is known as global warming—should not be released into the atmosphere; examples include carbon dioxide and methane. What drives these gases into the air? Is it global warming itself? No; we will explore that shortly when discussing deforestation, ocean pollution, and the proliferation of waste under the scorching sun. For now, let me remind you of something known to those who have undergone—or facilities that provide—a specific type of therapy: treatment in enclosed pure-oxygen chambers. Have you heard of it? If not, it is a strategy used to treat certain medical conditions. Ultimately, we truly need clean air to breathe.
2- Above the Earth's Crust
What lies above the Earth's crust? Don't be surprised: you, us, and everyone else—and who else? Animals, birds, insects, and microorganisms like amoebas, parasites, bacteria, and viruses. But wait—what does ecology have to do with this, and what is my connection to it? The truth is, we have discussed invasive species before. There is no such thing as a vacuum in the universe or above the Earth, my friend; whenever something vacates its place—perhaps due to extinction or an inability to adapt to global warming—an invasive species (plant, animal, bird, etc.) steps in to take its place. And what follows is by no means in your interest as a human being, as it gives rise to bacteria, parasites, and even viruses we have never heard of before—and that is the least of the harm invasive species cause us. Now, consider what happens to these inhabitants of the Earth's surface—humans, birds, animals, insects, or microorganisms—after they die: they decompose and sink beneath the Earth's crust, right? Yes, that is true. But what comes next? Do they decompose completely, and where does the undecomposed matter go? And suppose you have polluted this land with industrial waste, medical waste from hospitals, or even electronic waste from countries that bury such refuse in their soil—does that decompose as well? No. And what about "fast fashion" clothing? Does it decompose quickly? No; in fact, it takes about 100 years—yes, you read that right: a hundred years—to decompose, and some of it never decomposes at all. This, quite simply, is what exists above the Earth's crust.
3- Beneath the Earth's Crust
a - The Earth's Crust
What lies beneath the Earth's crust, and why is it significant? Did you know that the Earth's crust is approximately 70 km thick? Indeed, while the thickness varies—being greater in some places and lesser in others—the average is 70 km. What is the purpose of the crust having such substantial thickness? God Almighty has His own wisdom in creation. You are aware—as are we—that the Earth's internal layers (which, incidentally, number seven) consist of liquids and gases intermingled with a remarkable, extraordinary cohesion that is best understood by those versed in environmental science. These layers are not merely liquid; they are intensely hot, sometimes reaching temperatures of 600 degrees Fahrenheit—read that carefully: 600 degrees Fahrenheit, not 60. This implies that the Earth's interior is in a state of constant boiling; had the crust been any thinner, everything upon it would have melted away, leaving nothing behind. B - Mountain Roots, take Ice Berg-mountains, for instance: two-thirds of a mountain consists of roots extending beneath the Earth's crust. The massive portion visible above the crust—such as in the Himalayas—is merely the tip. These roots serve to anchor the Earth. Just as one must dig deep holes for tent poles to prevent the wind from uprooting the tent, God Almighty created the Earth anchored by these mountains to ensure that life across the globe does not come to a sudden, catastrophic end. Consequently, mountains are not confined to specific continents or countries; they are distributed across the entire Earth, stabilizing the planet and everything upon it.
C - The First Layer (Beneath the Earth's Crust)
What happens when a human, animal, bird, or tree dies on the Earth's surface? As previously mentioned, they decompose and sink into the ground. Why? So that the Earth can absorb the minerals contained within them. We are composed of nothing more than minerals and other elements derived from the Earth's clay—such as iron, calcium, magnesium, copper, and zinc. Thus, upon our death, this first layer extracts the vital elements needed to sustain the cycle of life. Life moves forward like a train; it does not halt simply because a living being has died. For life on Earth to continue seamlessly after the death of a human, animal, or bird, nothing can go to waste. This reveals a truly complex science of which we understand very little; the Earth derives utility from absolutely everything, ensuring that every component is positioned to be utilized effectively, even after death.
d - The second layer beneath the Earth's crust
For the record, ecologists differ regarding the number of layers beneath the Earth's crust; the crust itself is not designated as the "first layer"—it is simply the crust—and the layers beneath it are numbered sequentially (first, second, and so on). We are currently discussing the second layer—though there is debate over whether there are three or four layers in total beneath the crust. For the sake of a simplified scientific explanation, we will assume there are only three. In this second layer, the decomposition of a dead organism—even a microscopic one like an amoeba or smaller—takes place, and the layer absorbs whatever nutrients it requires from the remains.
e - The third or fourth layer (depending on differing scientific views)
This is the layer we will assume to be the final one. Here, certain parts of the organism remain undecomposed; the earth is unable to break them down, and they remain trapped in this location. What happens next, and for how long? They remain until a flood, heavy rains, or a cyclone sweeps them into the nearest river, sea, or ocean—carrying them into the water. Does decomposition occur in the water, then? No; instead, the remains sink to the bed of the sea, river, or ocean, where they form rocks of various sizes. These rocks then become habitats for deep-sea organisms that dwell on the ocean floor.
Indeed,
This is the fate awaiting us all—and every living creature that has ever walked the Earth. It is part of a highly complex ecological system from which nothing, great or small, can escape—a cosmic design of absolute precision. At this point, it is essential to briefly mention what ecologists call the "food chain" and the "food web."
4- The Difference Between a Food Chain and a Food Web
In nature, most animals consume more than one type of food, and most plants and animals are eaten by more than one predator. A single food chain cannot capture this complexity. A food web connects multiple, overlapping food chains into a single diagram, providing a more realistic picture of the ecosystem.
What does this mean?
It means there is no randomness in the universe; there is no such thing as a void. We once thought the phrase "nature abhors a vacuum" was merely a principle of physics; now we understand it applies to ecology—and even to the human experience. You must align yourself with your internal and external environments, or face the penalty of being cast aside. Life moves forward around you; others press on without a backward glance while you wither away—whether through isolation or illness (even depression)—simply because you failed to adjust your wings and mindset to the changing world around you. Such is the law of life.
We have now gained an overview of ecology—presented in a simple, accessible manner—because this knowledge is essential for everyone. We may not be specialists in the field, but there is nothing stopping us from overcoming our ecological illiteracy and learning the fundamental truths about our environment—truths vital to our very survival. So, let us begin.
What do we need now to align ourselves with our environment—to avoid being rejected by it or facing extinction through disease and other threats?
1- Clean air
Clean air—meaning air with a high oxygen content. Is there anywhere on Earth free from air pollution and the greenhouse gases that drive global warming? Yes, there is. Sit by a lake, ocean, river, salt marsh, or pristine swamp, and you will breathe clean air. However, not everyone has constant access to this; you must make an effort to go and enjoy it periodically. Here in Egypt, for instance, you have Lake Bardawil—arguably the cleanest lake in the world—among others. You are surely aware that the oceans are Earth’s primary "lung," not the trees (which are actually the planet's *second* lung). Therefore, opposing deforestation in your country is not a matter of convenience you can simply opt out of; it concerns the vessel carrying us all—leading either to peaceful coexistence or to the abyss. Similarly, combating the trash scattered in your neighborhood is not a choice but a duty. Why? Because that waste sits exposed to the scorching sun for at least eight hours on summer days. It contains plastic bags, acidic items (like tomato, lemon, and orange scraps), wet organic waste, and perhaps even animal carcasses or entrails from poultry markets and juice stalls—the list goes on. The sun can trigger the release of methane gas into the surrounding air at levels that truly suffocate you—not to mention carbon dioxide and other pollutants.
Leaving garbage exposed to the sun for extended periods leads to
The methane emissions, particularly if the waste contains organic matter such as food scraps. While plastic itself does not produce methane when exposed to sunlight, it raises the temperature inside the bags, thereby accelerating the decomposition of organic materials and the release of gases.
**The Risks of Methane Release Near People**
Releasing methane near people poses a direct health risk due to the danger of asphyxiation and increased air pollution from fine particulates, in addition to the gas's high flammability and explosive potential. These risks make its presence in residential or crowded areas a serious environmental and health threat.
**Asphyxiation**
Methane is a colorless, odorless gas; when it accumulates in enclosed or poorly ventilated spaces, it displaces oxygen from the air. This leads to dizziness, headaches, nausea, shortness of breath, and loss of consciousness, potentially resulting in death if oxygen levels drop significantly.
**The Long-term Effects**
Continuous exposure to high levels of methane degrades air quality and increases the risk of respiratory diseases due to air pollution caused by fine particulates resulting from its chemical reactions.
**The Environmental Impacts**
The air Pollution: Methane reacts with nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds to form fine particulate matter (PM2.5)—dangerous particles that penetrate deep into the lungs and increase the risk of heart and lung diseases.
The Global Warming:
The Methane is one of the most potent greenhouse gases, responsible for approximately 30% of global warming; its short-term impact is dozens of times more powerful than that of carbon dioxide.
Some Points to Consider
In Residential Areas
Any methane leak near homes or markets poses a dual threat (asphyxiation and explosion).
In Workplaces
In environments such as mines or gas plants, oxygen and methane levels must be continuously monitored.
A Safety Measures
Install gas detectors, improve ventilation, and keep ignition sources away from storage or leak areas.
The Impact of Tree Felling
Cutting down trees has far-reaching consequences affecting human health, animal welfare, and bird populations.
The Impact on Humans
a - Deterioration of Air Quality
Trees absorb carbon dioxide and purify the air of pollutants; therefore, cutting them down increases air pollution, leading to respiratory problems such as asthma and bronchitis.
b - As a Heat Stress
In the absence of shade, urban areas experience the "heat island effect," which raises temperatures and increases the risk of dehydration, heatstroke, and cardiovascular strain.
c - On Mental Health
Green spaces are associated with lower stress levels and improved mood; consequently, their loss may contribute to anxiety and depression.
The Impact on Animals
The Habitat Loss
The forests provide shelter, food, and breeding grounds. Logging displaces animals, driving them toward human settlements where survival becomes more difficult.
The Disruption of the Food Chain
Many species rely on the fruits, leaves, and insects found in trees; consequently, removing trees destabilizes ecosystems and reduces biodiversity.
It Increased Conflict
Displaced animals may compete for limited resources, leading to higher mortality rates.
The Impact on Birds
The Destruction of Nesting Sites
The birds rely on trees for nesting and roosting; logging reduces safe breeding areas.
The Migration Challenges
Many migratory birds depend on forests as stopover points for rest and foraging.
2- The Clean Water
The key points regarding this element (the importance of clean water in canals, swamps, and salt marshes; rainwater—excluding that stored in household tanks—as well as water in fields, neighborhoods, and atop buildings with large reservoirs; and water cleanliness and sources in villages and hamlets, specifically considering the proximity of drainage channels that discharge industrial, agricultural, poultry, or livestock waste).
A - The importance of clean public canals for the health of humans, animals, and birds
The clean public canals are a cornerstone of health for humans, animals, and birds; they provide safe water for drinking and irrigation, reduce the spread of diseases and parasites, preserve biodiversity, and support food security. Maintaining their cleanliness is a societal responsibility no less important than any health or environmental project.
On Human Health
Disease Prevention
it contaminated canal water can transmit intestinal diseases, kidney failure, and liver ailments. Cleaning canals reduces the presence of harmful bacteria and parasites.
Boosting Immunity
Clean water supports vital bodily functions such as digestion, nutrient absorption, and body temperature regulation.
Improving Quality of Life
A clean environment and water suitable for drinking and irrigation lead to a healthier, more productive community.
On Animal Health
The Livestock
The animals relying on canal water for drinking require clean water to avoid parasitic and bacterial diseases.
Food Security
Clean water ensures the production of healthy crops used as animal feed, thereby maintaining a sound food chain.
The Health of Birds and Aquatic Life
Preserving Biodiversity
The clean canals support fish stocks and provide a safe environment for migratory and resident birds.
Preventing Bird Mortality
The birds that drink from or feed in polluted canals are exposed to poisoning and disease outbreaks, whereas clean canals help maintain their populations and ecological balance.
The Impact of Polluted Canals
It spread of intestinal and liver diseases
Crop damage and increased costs
Parasitic and bacterial diseases
Death of fish and birds
Breeding ground for epidemics and pests
A Practical Steps to Preserve Canals
It refraining from
Dumping trash and waste into waterways
Ensuring safe sewage disposal
Instead of discharging it into canals
Community participation
In cleanup and awareness campaigns.
Thus,
The clean canals are not merely a sign of a civilized environment; they serve as a first line of defense against disease and ensure the sustainability of food sources and wildlife. Any neglect regarding their cleanliness directly impacts the health of humans, animals, and birds, as well as the economy and the environment.
B. The Importance of Wetlands
Although some may view wetlands merely as stagnant pools, they are, in reality, ecosystems of immense importance to humans, animals, birds, and the environment as a whole.
The Importance of Wetlands to Humans
Water Purification
They act as natural filters, trapping pollutants and sediments before they reach rivers or lakes.
Water Storage
They store water and aid in groundwater recharge, ensuring the sustainability of water resources.
Flood Control
They absorb large quantities of rainwater, reducing the risk of flooding for communities.
The Importance of Wetlands to Animals
Natural Habitats
They provide an ideal environment for both small and large mammals, such as buffalo and deer.
Food Source
The aquatic plants and insects that thrive in wetlands serve as a vital food source for wildlife.
The importance of Wetlands to Birds
Stopovers for Migratory Birds
The wetlands serve as resting and feeding stations for birds during their long journeys.
Breeding Grounds
Many waterfowl rely on wetlands for laying their eggs and raising their young.
The Environmental Importance of Swamps
The Biodiversity
The swamps are among the ecosystems richest in plant and animal species.
The Carbon Stores
An aquatic plants sequester carbon, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change.
The Ecological Balance
They maintain nutrient cycling and support the stability of surrounding ecosystems.
The swamps are far more than just water-logged lands; they are natural engines of life. They protect humans from disasters, provide habitats and food for wildlife, and bolster the environment against climate change. Neglecting or draining them means losing one of the most vital natural lines of defense for our health and our planet.
C - The Importance of Salt Marshes (Sabkhas)
The salt marshes are considered among the most unique ecosystems; although they may appear to be barren, saline lands, they hold immense value for the environment, humans, animals, and birds.
The importance of Salt Marshes to the Environment
Climate Regulation
They act as natural carbon sinks, thereby mitigating the effects of climate change.
On Biodiversity Level
They provide a unique habitat for plant and animal species that cannot survive elsewhere.
Ecosystem Balance
They regulate the movement of saline and fresh water and maintain coastal stability.
The Importance of Salt Marshes to Humans
Flood Protection
They absorb excess rainwater and reduce the risk of natural disasters.
Economic Resources
Some salt marshes are used for salt and mineral extraction, supporting local industries.
The Importance of Salt Marshes for Ecotourism
They attract researchers and nature enthusiasts, fostering environmental awareness and sustainable development.
The Importance of Salt Marshes to Animals
Natural Habitats
They provide a suitable environment for wildlife—such as foxes and buffalo—that have adapted to saline conditions.
Food Source
Halophytic plants and insects that thrive in these marshes serve as a vital food source for animals.
The Importance of Salt Marshes to Birds
Stopover Points for Migratory Birds
Salt marshes serve as resting and feeding grounds for birds during their long journeys. Breeding grounds
Many waterfowl rely on them to raise their young
The salt marshes are not merely saline lands; they are integrated networks of life that protect the environment from climate change, support human health and the economy, and provide essential habitats and food for animals and birds. Neglecting or draining them means losing one of the most important natural lines of defense for biodiversity and the health of the planet.
The Breeding Grounds
Many waterfowl rely on them to raise their young. Salt marshes and wetlands are not merely saline lands; they are integrated ecosystems that protect the environment from climate change, support human health and economies, and provide essential habitats and food for wildlife. Neglecting or draining them means losing one of the most important natural lines of defense for biodiversity and the health of the planet.
The Uncaptured Rainwater
The world around us has changed. As UN Secretary-General Guterres stated, we have moved beyond the era of climate change and entered an era of "global boiling." What lies ahead is worse than what has passed; are we preparing adequately? You might say this is the responsibility of governments and relevant ministries. However, the duty also falls upon us as individuals. I heard of a drought-stricken country where people collect rainwater on their balconies during downpours—how is that done?
The Individual Methods for Storing Rainwater
Collecting water in vessels and basins
Using buckets or clay pots placed in open areas during rainfall; clay pots have the advantage of naturally cooling the water and preserving its quality for longer periods.
Simple barrels or tanks
Placing plastic or metal barrels beneath rooftops or balconies to catch runoff; a lid can be added to prevent insects or dust from entering.
The Rudimentary channels made of wood or metal
Creating small channels or simple pipes to direct rainwater from roofs into a storage barrel or pit. This method is common in villages, utilizing wooden planks or metal sheets. Ground Pits (Earthen Basins)
Digging a small pit in the ground and lining it with clay or plastic to store water. This method is often used for irrigating plants or watering animals.
Using Fabric or Nets
Spreading clean fabric or nets to catch raindrops and channel them into a container or barrel; this is a simple method but useful in areas with low rainfall.
**Barrel with a Downspout**
Place a large plastic barrel in the corner of the balcony.
Install a pipe or plastic tube to channel rainwater directly from the roof into the barrel.
Attach a small tap near the bottom of the barrel for easy access.
**Clay Pots or Jars**
Clay jars can be placed in open areas to collect rain; the clay keeps the water cool and inhibits algae growth.
**Dual-Purpose Planters**
Use deep planters designed to collect rainwater at the bottom; this water can later be used to irrigate the plants themselves or stored in other containers.
**The Important Notes**
Cover stored water to prevent the breeding of mosquitoes and other insects.
Filter or boil the water before drinking to ensure safety.
It is best to use stored water for irrigation or cleaning, unless it has been properly treated for drinking.
By using these methods, you can transform your balcony or rooftop into a small rainwater harvesting system that benefits your plants or serves simple household needs.
**The Risks of Industrial, Poultry, and Livestock Waste or Other Contamination Near Water Sources**
Drains and waterways receiving industrial, agricultural, poultry, and livestock waste pose a direct threat to drinking and irrigation water. They contaminate the water with chemical and organic pollutants, endangering human and animal health and undermining agricultural productivity.
The Impact of Waste on Drinking Water
The Chemical Pollution
The factories release heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium; these toxic substances accumulate in the human body, causing kidney, liver, and nervous system disorders.
The Microbiological Pollution
The livestock and poultry waste contain bacteria such as *E. coli* and *Salmonella*, increasing the spread of serious intestinal diseases.
Increased Nitrate and Phosphate Levels
The agricultural fertilizers and animal waste raise nitrate and phosphate levels in water, leading to drinking water toxicity, particularly for children.
The Impact of Waste on Agriculture
The Soil Quality Degradation
The accumulation of toxic chemicals in the soil reduces fertility and hinders crop growth.
The Crop Contamination
The plants absorb heavy metals and harmful substances from irrigation water, rendering the produce unsafe for human and animal consumption.
Spread of Parasites and Plant Diseases
The contaminated water fosters the growth of fungi and parasites that destroy crops and increase agricultural production costs.
The Impact of Poultry and Livestock Waste
Increased Organic Loads
The animal waste is rich in organic matter that depletes oxygen levels in water, leading to the death of fish and aquatic organisms.
The Emission of Odors and Gases
The gases such as ammonia and methane harm the environment and contribute to global warming.
The Marine "Dead Zones"
The disposal of liquid waste leads to oxygen depletion in coastal waters, creating "dead zones" that threaten marine life.
Here are some important related links you might like to check out
The Summary of all the above
As you have read above, environmental awareness is the only safeguard for your health—and that of your children, grandchildren, and nation. If you cherish them all, you must cultivate your environmental knowledge; it is not merely an option, but a national duty and an act of good citizenship. We have a few suggestions to offer, but first, it is important to note that this article provides only a brief overview of the vital importance of the environment surrounding you, your children, your future grandchildren, and your loved ones. Thus, your interest, awareness, and efforts to educate others constitute a national responsibility. Let us begin with the suggestions:
1- Introduce an "Environmental Awareness" curriculum for primary school children across all private, public, and experimental schools (excluding international schools, which utilize their own imported curricula). This curriculum should cover both theoretical and practical aspects and be developed by agriculture teachers. Ideally, the content would be tailored to specific localities in Egypt; for instance, residents of Beheira could learn about land cultivation, those in the Oases about desert and valley reclamation, and the people of beloved Sinai about preserving their natural reserves, and so on.
2- Engage "natural leaders"—influential figures within each neighborhood, city, and district—to undergo educational training at government facilities or local municipal centers. They would then raise public awareness regarding the impact of the surrounding environment on the health of individuals, their children, and their families.
3- Enforce strict, non-negotiable laws against the demolition of structures or the pollution of canals, salt marshes, or even swamps, given the critical environmental importance of these features as previously outlined.
4- Address the waste management crisis in densely populated neighborhoods across the country through a dedicated national campaign. Police—and perhaps the army—should be deployed to deter violators, particularly at shops selling vegetables, fruit, poultry, fish, fresh juices, and the like. This deterrence must be strict and non-negotiable.
5- You are aware that Egypt is home to at least 31 nature reserves, representing the country's vital biological treasure. Consider, for instance, Lake Bardawil (or Sabkhat al-Bardawil), which is the cleanest lake in the world. Why aren't medicinal products—such as dietary supplements like ultra-pure Omega-3—extracted from it, given the exceptional purity of its waters?
6- I am a frequent viewer of TikTok, and recently, many wonderful people in Egypt have gained attention for their dedication to feeding animals—both within the country and abroad (though I will focus here only on Egypt). I saw one such person feeding camels in an oasis whose name I unfortunately cannot recall; the camels were emaciated, deprived of water and food, and forced to trek for kilometers just to find sustenance. The area seemed devoid of life. Were it not for the kind-hearted Egyptians who make the effort to feed animals in these remote locations, what would become of them? Where are the local residents of these oases when it comes to feeding these desert camels? Camels are a national asset in Egypt, and their neglect is inexcusable. Their meat and milk offer health benefits to everyone and can help treat a wide range of ailments. Western nations utilize camels to produce various goods, yet Egypt—which possesses vast deserts unlike those in the West—has an abundance of them. We should improve their condition and harness their value; we are better positioned to do so than the West, which lacks the kind of desert landscapes found in Egypt. 7 - Establishing shelters for stray animals in desert areas—far from populated centers—is not merely an act of mercy toward animals or a way to please the Creator; it is for your own benefit. You will come to realize the importance of biodiversity among animals—specifically, the link between the deliberate killing of dogs and the proliferation of snakes, rodents, and other pests. Furthermore, this would halt the trade of domestic animal parts to Asian countries, where these animals are sold and subjected to exploitation that is deeply harmful to their health and physical well-being—practices regarding this illicit, transcontinental trade that you are likely well aware of. It is also worth noting that Egyptian Baladi dogs are globally recognized as one of the most intelligent dog breeds in the world.
8 - Establish these shelters—even if funded by public donations, given the abundance of animal lovers in Egypt. Simply grant licenses for such projects; the State need not bear the financial burden—we do not wish to overburden the government. Ensure the site includes a reliable water source that never runs dry.
9 - Egyptian television and satellite channels should launch an awareness campaign that engages everyone, young and old alike.
10 - Environmental organizations operating in Egypt—whether governmental or private—should use digital platforms (social media) to publicize their activities and explain how the public can contribute through time, money, effort, or expertise. They should actively involve young people and even children, fostering a generation that truly understands the value of the environment.
11 - If there are large, unused buses available, they can be refurbished and equipped with solar-powered heating systems to serve as animal shelters in the desert. This offers a dual benefit: clearing away scrap metal from residential neighborhoods while improving the welfare of animals in the desert.
This befits Egypt’s stature throughout the ages and among diverse civilizations.>>
The Enlightened reader... wishing you Remain well.>>
